neurological manifestations of renal diseases in children in qazvin/ iran

how to cite this article:   dalirani r, mahyar a, ayazi p, ahmadi gh. neurological manifestations of renal diseases in children in qazvin/ iran. iran j child neurol. summer 2016; 10(3):24-27 . abstract objective renal diseases are one of the most common causes of referrals and admissions of children, hence it is important to know their neurological presentations. this study aimed to determine neurological presentations of renal diseases in children. material & methods a total of 634 children with renal diseases, admitted to qazvin pediatric hospital, qazvin, central iran from 2011 to 2013 were studied. neurological presentations of patients were established and the results were analyzed using statistical tests. results neurological presentations were found in 18 (2.8%) out of 634 patients, of whom 15 had febrile seizures, two thromboembolism, and one encephalopathy. among patients with urinary tract infection (uti), 2.6% had febrile seizures, 11.1% of those with glomerulonephritis had encephalopathy, and 3.7% of those with nephrotic syndrome had cerebral thromboembolism. conclusion results showed neurological presentations in 2.8% of children with renal diseases, and febrile seizure as the most common presentation.   references   1.       elder js. urinary tract infection. in: kliegman rm, stanton re, schor nf, geme iii jw st, behrman re. nelson textbook of pediatrics. 19th ed. phila, saunders; 2011: 1838-1846. 2.       bhoobun s, jalloh aa, jacobsen kh. cerebral venous thrombosis in a child with nephrotic syndrome: case report. pan afr med j 2012;13:57. 3.       lee p, verrier jones k. urinary tract infection in febrile convulsions. arch dis child 1991; 66(11):1287-90. 4.       bensman a, dunand o, ulinski t: urinary tract infection. in: avner ed, harman we, niaudet p, yoshikawa n, pediatric nephrology. berlin, springer. 2009:1007-1025. 5.       anochie i, eke f, okpere a. childhood nephrotic syndrome: change in pattern and response to steroids. j natl med assoc 2006; 98(12):1977-81. 6.       pan gc, avner ed. glomerulonephritis associated with infections. in: kliegman rm, stanton re, schor nf, geme iii jw st, behrman re. nelson textbook of pediatrics. 19th ed. phila, saunders; 2011: 1783-6. 7.       salvadori m, bertoni e. update on hemolytic uremic syndrome: diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. world j nephrol 2013 6; 2(3): 56-7. 8.       shinnar s. febrile seizures. in: swaiman kf, ashwal s,ferriero dm. pediatric neurology: principles and practice. 4th ed. philadelphia: mosby, 2006:1079-86. 9.       bryce a. kerlin, rose ayoob, william e. smoyer. epidemiology and pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome–associated thromboembolic disease. clin j am soc nephrol 2012 ; 7(3): 513–520. 10.   faigle r, sutter r, kaplan pw. the electroencephalography of encephalopathy in patients with endocrine and metabolic disorders. j clin neurophysiol 2013;30(5):10.1097. doi:10.1097/wnp.0b013e3182a73db9. 11.   momen aa, monajemzadeh sm, gholamian m. the frequency of urinary tract infection among children with febrile convulsions. iran j child neurol 2011; 5(3): 29-32. 12.   burn d j, bates d. neurology and the kidney. j neurol neurosurg psychiatr 1998;65:810–821. 13.   orth sr, ritz e. the nephrotic syndrome. n engl j med 1998;338: 1202-11. 14.   zaffanello m, franchini m. thromboembolism in childhood nephritic syndrome: a rare but serious complication. hematology 2007; 12:69-73. 15.   sébire g, tabarki b, saunders de, et al. cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children: risk factors, presentation, diagnosis and outcome. brain 2005; 128 (3):477–89. 16.   joel f, denis g, deveber gabrielle d v. cerebral sinovenous thrombosis and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in childhood: report of four new cases and review of the literature. eur j pediatr 2006; 165(10):709–716. 17.   nathanson s, kwon t, elmaleh m et al. acute neurological involvement in diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. clin j am soc nephrol 2010 ;5(7):1218-28.